Head & Neck Cancer
Dr. Niranjan, a highly experienced surgical oncologist, specializes in providing comprehensive care to patients battling this challenging condition.

Understanding Head and Neck Cancer
Head and neck cancer is a broad term that encompasses various cancers that originate in the head and neck region. These cancers can affect the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands, sinuses, nose, and other structures in the head and neck.
Types Of Head And Neck Cancer
Head and Neck cancer encompasses a variety of cancer types that can occur in different parts of the head and neck region.
Here are some common types of Head and Neck cancer

Oral Cancer
Oral cancer can occur in the lips, tongue, gums, the lining of the cheeks, and the roof and floor of the mouth.

Pharyngeal Cancer
This includes cancer that develops in the pharynx, which is the hollow tube that runs from the back of the nose down to the esophagus.

Laryngeal Cancer
This type of cancer affects the larynx or voice box. It can impact a person's ability to speak and breathe.

Sinus Cancer
These cancers occur in the nasal passages and the sinus cavities located around the nose.

Salivary Gland Cancer
Salivary gland tumors can develop in the glands that produce saliva, which are located throughout the head and neck.

Thyroid Cancer
These develops in the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck and produces hormones that regulate metabolism.
Risk Factors
Head and neck cancer can be influenced by a variety of risk factors. Some common risk factors for head and neck cancer include

Smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, as well as using smokeless tobacco products, significantly increases the risk of head and neck cancer. The chemicals in tobacco can damage the cells in the mouth, throat, and other areas of the head and neck.

Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption is another major risk factor. Alcohol, especially when combined with tobacco use, can increase the risk of these cancers.

Infection with certain types of HPV, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, is a risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer, a subset of head and neck cancer. HPV is most commonly associated with sexual activity and can be transmitted through oral sex.

A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of head and neck cancer. A healthy diet rich in antioxidants and nutrients can help protect against cancer.

Chewing betel quid, a mixture of areca nut, slaked lime, and other ingredients, is a known risk factor in some regions, particularly in parts of Asia.

Occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos, wood dust, and certain industrial chemicals, can increase the risk of developing nasal and sinus cancers.

Previous radiation treatment to the head and neck region, especially during childhood, can increase the risk of cancer in those areas later in life.

Men are more likely to develop head and neck cancer than women, which may be due in part to higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use among men.

While head and neck cancer can occur at any age, it is more common in people over the age of 40.

A family history of head and neck cancer may increase the risk, as it can suggest a genetic predisposition.

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a risk factor for lip cancer.
Common Symptoms
Head and neck cancer can manifest with various symptoms, which may vary depending on the specific location and stage of the cancer. Some common symptoms of head and neck cancer include
A chronic or persistent sore throat that doesn’t improve with time or treatment can be a sign of throat or voice box cancer.

Ongoing difficulty in swallowing, which may feel like food is getting stuck in the throat or esophagus, can be a symptom, particularly if it worsens over time.

Persistent changes in voice, such as hoarseness or a raspy voice, can be an early sign of laryngeal cancer.

The development of a lump or swelling in the neck, mouth, or throat area can be indicative of head and neck cancer. This lump may or may not be painful.

Persistent nausea and vomiting may be related to stomach or pancreatic cancer.

A chronic cough that doesn’t resolve and is accompanied by other symptoms can be a sign of lung cancer.

Prolonged issues with sinuses, such as sinus congestion or chronic sinus infections, can be associated with nasal and sinus cavity cancers.

Persistent nasal blockage or bleeding, especially if it affects one side of the nose more than the other, can be a sign of nasal or sinus cancer.

Changes in the color or texture of the skin on the face or lips, including the development of sores that don’t heal, can be a symptom of lip or skin cancer.

Unexplained pain in the face, mouth, or jaw that doesn’t improve with time or standard treatments should be evaluated.

Severe difficulty in breathing, often caused by airway obstruction due to the tumor, is a symptom that requires immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis and Staging
To determine the extent of the disease, doctors use various diagnostic tests, including imaging, biopsies, and endoscopy. Staging helps in planning the most appropriate treatment.
Treatment Options
the patient’s overall health, and their personal preferences. The primary treatment modalities for head and neck cancer include
Surgery
Surgical removal of the tumor is a common treatment approach, especially for early-stage cancers. The extent of the surgery and the need for reconstructive procedures depend on the location and size.
Radiation Therapy
High-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation are used to target and kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be employed as the primary treatment or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It may be used before surgery to shrink the tumor, after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells, or in combination with radiation.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted drugs specifically attack certain molecules involved in cancer growth. These drugs can be used in cases where the cancer is driven by specific genetic or molecular changes.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy stimulates the body's immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells. Some immunotherapies have shown promise in treating certain types of head and neck cancer.
Reconstructive Surgery
After the removal of tumors in the head and neck area, reconstructive surgery may be needed to restore function and appearance. This can involve techniques such as skin grafts or flap reconstruction.
Chemoradiation
This combines chemotherapy and radiation therapy for enhanced effectiveness. Chemoradiation is often used when surgery alone may not be feasible or effective.
Palliative Care
In cases where the cancer is advanced or incurable, palliative care focuses on relieving symptoms and improving the patient's quality of life.
Clinical Trials
Participation in clinical trials can provide access to new and innovative treatments for the cancer. These trials aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new therapies.

Empowering You in the Battle Against Head and Neck Cancer
Dr. Niranjan’s 12 years of experience in surgical oncology, including his specialization in Head and Neck Cancer, make him a trusted expert in the field. His approach is characterized by
Dr. Niranjan understands the physical and emotional challenges that come with a Head and Neck Cancer diagnosis. He provides holistic care that addresses both the medical and emotional needs of his patients.
Dr. Niranjan is well-versed in the latest advancements in surgical oncology, including minimally invasive and robotic surgery. These techniques can lead to faster recovery and improved quality of life.
Each patient’s case is unique, and Dr. Niranjan tailors treatment plans to individual needs. He collaborates closely with his patients to ensure they are active participants in their care.
Dr. Niranjan is supported by a dedicated team of medical professionals who share his commitment to excellence and patient-centered care.
Dr. Niranjan believes in empowering his patients with knowledge. He ensures that you understand your condition, treatment options, and expected outcomes. He is there to answer your questions and provide support at every step of your journey.